That is to say, it is not associated with the heros at all. It does not occur in Geometric vase-painting the noun, which is of unknown derivation, occurs only once in Homer, in a simile (Σ 219), and the verb is used once of the noise produced by heaven when the Olympians meet in battle (Φ 388). The use of the the only instrument employed by the non-Dorian armies of Greece, probably also dates from the introduction of the hoplite phalanx. The lyre, current in Minoan Crete, as the sarcophagus from Hagia Triada shews, appears with a varying number of strings on Geometric vases and also has its place in epic. Piot xxxvi, 27 ff.) double flute and lyre accompany a dance cf. On two Attic Late Geometric vases ( CVA Berlin i, pl. note 4 The is mentioned only twice in Homer, once as a Trojan instrument (K 13), in a book which there is good reason to think a post-Odyssean addition to the Iliad, once (Σ 495) in the marriage scene on the shield of Achilles, i.e., it is not associated with the Greek heros at all, though as a characteristically Anatolian instrument it must have been familiar to the Greeks of Ionia, in use alike by their Lydian and their Phrygian neighbours. is surprising, even supposing that the Dorian aristocracy of Corinth had an exceptional average of height alternatively, the may have been of unusual length. There was therefore no change in the size of the Corinthian shield in this period, and the differences presumably were in the arm measurements of the owners. The differences in diameter are not related to the dates. The later finds belong to the early, the others to the late archaic age all alike are of Corinthian workmanship. The diameters could be calculated, and ranged from 80 to 100 centimetres-roughly 31 to 39♳ inches. A complete shield (which fell to pieces) and fragments of others were found in the first excavation of Olympia, and the metal parts of no fewer than seventeen in the recent researches of the German Institute on the same site ( Ol iv, 163–4 and Jdl lii (1937) Olympiabericht, 54 ff.). 8.įortunately we have direct and remarkably complete evidence for the size of hoplite shields in use in the Peloponnese in the seventh and early sixth centuries. Again, the pattern at which the artist aims must be taken into account there can be no other motive for the difference in size between the shields on a Middle Corinthian cup reproduced op.
31 are disproportionately large the figures of the combatants are squat, but the one on the left, naturally the only one whose shield-arm is visible, has an equally disproportionate length of arm which would equal that of Rob Roy. Thus on the Hymettus amphora the shields clearly indicated as hoplite are too small for their rôle in relation to the total height of the bearers, but only because their legs are preposterously long. Payne himself notes that length of limb is a feature of proto-Corinthian and all early archaic figures ( op.
It is difficult in examining the shields to which Payne draws attention to decide how far the varying size depends on the artist's view of the proportions of the human body. The hoplite shield was large this comes out in Herodotus' account of the Anatolian contingents in Xerxes' host, whose undoubtedly single-grip shields are repeatedly described as small, and in the changes which Iphikrates found necessary in training troops which should be heavyarmed but of more than hoplite mobility (Diod. Payne (NC, 99) calls attention to a change from a smaller to a larger shield which takes place in the latest phase of proto-Corinthian, i.e., in the third quarter of the seventh century, after which the larger shield is established. note 3 Though I have not measured examples numerous enough to establish an average, 17 inches or very little less appears to be an ordinary measurement for a man of medium height, which gives a diameter of 34 inches for the shield the proportion to the subject's height in vase-paintings unfortunately cannot be used for precise confirmation.
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